Overview
Use Select when valid choices are known in advance and showing every choice at once would take too much space.
Single selection
A label names the field and the placeholder prompts an action without pretending to be a value.
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Anatomy
Select combines a field label, trigger, option list, and supporting feedback into one selection control.
Choose one department.
- 1LabelRequired
Identifies the value being selected.
- 2Trigger and valueRequired
Displays the placeholder or current selection.
- 3Disclosure icon
Signals that activating the field opens a list.
- 4Supporting text
Provides guidance or validation feedback.
- 5ListboxRequired
Contains options, groups, search, and selection state.
When to use
Choose Select when selection is safer and faster than recalling and typing an exact value.
Recommended
- Choose from a known list
Use for departments, statuses, owners, regions, and other governed values.
- Conserve form space
Use when radio buttons would make a form unnecessarily long.
- Search larger lists
Enable search when scanning the full option set is inefficient.
When not to use
Use a more direct control when choices are few, binary, or not predefined.
Avoid
- Do not hide two to five important choices
Use Radio so options can be compared without opening a list.
- Do not use for free-form values
Use Input when the value is not constrained to a known set.
- Do not use as primary navigation
Use Tabs, links, or navigation menus for moving between destinations.
Variants
Select supports single and multiple selection, optional search, grouped options, and three field sizes.
Single
Choose exactly one value from the list.
Multiple
Choose independent values displayed as removable chips.
Searchable
Filter a long list without changing its underlying options.
Grouped
Organize related options under non-selectable headings.
States
Selection state must remain clear before, during, and after the listbox interaction.
| State | Trigger | Visual response | Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Closed | No active interaction | Current value or placeholder | Trigger opens the list |
| Open | Trigger is activated | Listbox and active option are visible | Arrow keys move through available options |
| Selected | An option is chosen | Label or chips replace the placeholder | Selection can be changed or cleared |
| Search | Searchable list is open | Filter input and matching options | Typing narrows the available list |
| Error | Required or business validation fails | Error treatment and corrective message | Trigger remains available for correction |
| Disabled | Selection is unavailable | Reduced emphasis | Cannot open or receive focus |
Behavior
The trigger opens a listbox, maintains the current selection, and returns focus predictably when the list closes.
Open and close
Open from the trigger; close after a single selection, Escape, or an outside interaction.
Navigate
Move through enabled options without losing the current committed value.
Filter
Search changes the visible option set, not the stored value.
Clear
Expose a clear action only when an empty value is valid.
Accessibility
Select exposes trigger, listbox, option, selection, and validation state to assistive technology.
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| EnterSpace | Opens the list or selects the active option. |
| ↑↓ | Moves through enabled options. |
| HomeEnd | Moves to the first or last enabled option. |
| Esc | Closes the list and returns focus to the trigger. |
- Provide a visible, unique label.
- Keep selected and active option states programmatically available.
- Do not use color as the only selected-state signal.
- Keep disabled options discoverable but unavailable.
- Announce validation feedback and multi-selection changes.
- Avoid custom option content that obscures the option label.
Content guidelines
Labels and options should be concise, parallel, and easy to scan.
Name the field
Use a short noun or noun phrase for the label.
Department
Prompt an action
Write placeholder text that describes selection rather than a fake default.
Select a department
Keep options parallel
Use consistent capitalization, grammar, and specificity across the list.
Design, Engineering, Marketing
Explain invalid choices
Tell people what selection is required and why.
Select a billing country.
Examples
Add search and multi-selection only when they make the option set easier to complete.
Searchable multi-select
Selected values remain visible while search helps people find additional options.
Choose every technology used by this service.
Validation and availability
Errors identify the missing choice; disabled fields communicate unavailable configuration.
Select a billing country.
Managed by your organization.
Props / API
Select extends div attributes except onChange, which uses the selected value rather than a DOM event.
Props